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英特尔SGX和区块链
iExec端到端解决方案
iExec很荣幸地宣布即将推出首个集成英特尔SGX的端到端解决方案，用于分布式计算的安全技术应用。在2018年10月30日布拉格Devcon4会议上，iExec和英特尔将宣布重大合作新闻。
张磊，iExec安全总监介绍了英特尔SGXEnclave技术，以及如何保证参与区块链网络的用户和应用的安全问题，特别是基于区块链的分布式云技术方面。
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正文相关链接
IntelSGX:https://software.intel.com/en-us/sgx
Thechallenge:Howcanweguaranteesecurityondecentralizedanddistributednetworks?
Blockchain-basedapplicationsandcomputingarenotownedorcontrolledbyonespecificentitybutratherpoweredbyadistributednetworkofmultiplemachinesor‘nodes’.Thedistributednatureofdecentralizedcloudcomputingnetworkspresentachallengetoguaranteesecurityasanyrootprivilegeusermayeasilyinspectthesensitivedataandtamperwiththeapplicationrunningonthedecentralizedhost.Fortraditionalcentralizedcloudcomputingproviders,itiseasiertoemployexistingsecuritymechanismsprotecttheinvolvedapplication.
Fordecentralizedblockchain-basedclouds,asilicon-basedsecuritysolution,called‘IntelSGX’,istheonlyefficientsolutiontoprotectusersandapplicationsinvolvedinBlockchain-baseddecentralizedcomputing.
IntelSGX(IntelSoftwareGuardExtensions),isasetofCPUinstructioncodesthatenabletheexecutionofselectpiecescodeanddatainprotectedareascalledenclaves.Basically,whileyouhaveanapplicationrunningonahostmachine,SGXenclavesessentiallyactasabubble,isolatingandprotectingtheapplicationfromthehostmachine,inthisway,eventherootprivilegeadministratorofthehostmachineisnotabletopenetratethisbubbletoaccessandtamperwiththeapplication.
英特尔、戴尔和英国政府将在元宇宙中测试聚变能源系统:金色财经报道，英国原子能管理局、英特尔、戴尔和剑桥大学将在虚拟宇宙中测试开发聚变能源生产系统。他们将使用具有先进预测能力的超级计算机和人工智能技术来创建 STEP（用于能源生产的球形托卡马克）设计的数字孪生。然后，科学家和工程师将创建该设计的工业虚拟宇宙。
两家公司表示，他们将利用超级计算机和具有先进预测能力的人工智能技术，在沉浸式互联虚拟环境中创建稳健的设计，以在工业虚拟世界中复制设计。[2023/7/2 22:13:09]
AnintroductiontoIntelSGXEnclaves-iExecSecurityR&D,LeiZhang
“WhatmakesIntelSGXcompellingisthatitprovidesahardwaretrustedexecutionenvironment(TEE),allowingbetterprotectionsfordatain-use,at-restandin-transit,built-inCPUinstructionsandplatformenhancementsprovidecryptographicassertionsforthecodethatispermittedtoaccessthedata.Ifthecodeisalteredortampered,thenaccessisdeniedandtheenvironmentdisabled.”
—RickEchevarria,VicepresidentofIntel’sSoftwareandServicesGroup.
1.TheiExecE2ESGXsolution
iExecispioneeringthebuildingofablockchain-enableddecentralizedanddistributedcloudnetwork.Theyhavenowprovidedthefirsteverfullandend-to-endsolutionintegratingSGXfortheblockchain-basedcloud.SomeofourinitialworkwithintelSGXcanbereadinthisblogpostandiscoveredinthisvideopresentation.iExecpresentedthefirstphaseofworkonSGXinMarch2018attheIBMThinkConferenceinLasVegasandco-presentedalongsideIntelinMay2018atConsensusinNewYork..Thisfirstphasefocusedontheprotectionofthesecretsbuiltindecentralizedapplications:althoughtheapplicationsrunsondecentralizednodes,theinvolvedsensitivedatacannotbeinspectedoralteredwithbymaliciousattackersonthenetwork.Howeverthefirststageofworkwasbasedonsomesophisticated(raw)frameworksandthefunctionalityofthesolutionwaslimitedtoonlyprotectnativesecretsoftheapplication,furthermorethesolutioncouldbecomplicatedforappdevelopersandusers,especiallyforthosewhoarenotinthefieldofITandcomputing.
英特尔首席执行官警告芯片短缺问题还将持续多年:5月3日，英特尔首席执行官Pat Gelsinger警告，已经在多个行业形成广泛冲击的全球半导体短缺问题可能会持续多年。Gelsinger在接受采访时表示，英特尔正在对其部分工厂进行改造，以提高产量，应对汽车行业的芯片短缺问题。他补充说，可能至少需要几个月的时间，供应紧张才会开始出现缓解。Gelsinger表示，要想满足方方面面激增的需求，可能还需要几年时间。[2021/5/3 21:19:00]
iExechastocontinuedtomakesignificantcontributions,workingdiligentlywithourpartners,topushforwardapowerfulanduser-friendlyend-to-endSGXsolution.Thissolutionisintendedtobeusedasanindustryreferencetoenhancetheoverallsecurityofdecentralizedcloudcomputing.ThisnewSGXsolution,combinedwithBlockchain,allowsforunmatchedleveloftrustforDecentralizedApplications(Dapps)andexecution/dataprocessingondecentralizednodes.TheiExecapproachspecificallyallowsBlockchaintoworkwithSGXinorderto:
ProtecttheDAppandprovidefulldataprotectionthatcannotbeaccessedbytheexecutionhost,especiallyforuser’sinputandoutputdata.
GuaranteetheintegrationoftheDapp/Data,makingsurethecorrectandexpectedDApporDataisrunningonthedecentralizednode.
Provideblockchain-basedvalidationforoff-chaincomputing,verifyingthattheDappiscorrectlyexecutedinanenclaveandisneithertamperednorinterruptedbythedecentralizednode.Asmart-contractsignatureissignedinsidethissecureenclavebeforetheverificationisdonebytheblockchainnetwork.
动态 | 英特尔技术主管将担任Hyperledger技术指导委员会主席:据coindesk消息，英特尔技术主管Dan Middleton被选为Hyperledger技术指导委员会（TSC）主席，他将接替来自IBM的Christopher Ferris。[2018/9/7]
MakesuretheexecutionandDAppresultisvalid,neithercopied,norfabricatedbymaliciousdecentralizednode.
Protecttheend-to-endprivacyofDAppresult,whichcanneverbeinspectedbyanyoneelsebuttheuser.
Afriendly-userinterface:significantsimplificationforuserstoencrypt/decrypttheinput/outputdataandtriggertheSGXapplicationexecution.
EasyusabilityisakeyelementofUserExperience;withthenewiExecE2ESGXsolution,useronlyneeds3simplestepstorunanE2ESGXapplicationandtoprovideafullprotectionofuser’sinputandoutputdata.
Let’sthinkaboutatypicalSGXapplication,sayforexampleaFinTechapplication.Theapplicationisfedbysomeuserinputdatawhichcontainssomeuser’spersonalandsensitivesecrets(e.g.bankaccountinformation,personalprivacy,etc…),theoutputresultsoftheapplicationalsocontainsomesensitivedataandareonlyintendedtouserwhotriggerstheapplication.Theinputdataandtheoutputresultsneedtobestrictlyprotectedduringthewholeprocedure.Thenon-encryptedsensitivedataneverleavesuserlocalscopeorhigh-securedtrustedexecutionenvironment:SXGenclave.Hereisagenericdescriptionofthe3simplestepsofiExec’sSGXsolution.
英特尔将用区块链平台追踪药物供应链:今年春天，科技制造商英特尔将领导包括强生公司在内的几家合作伙伴公司，测试一个模拟版本的区块链平台，该平台旨在追踪整个供应链中的药物。如果该系统的实时版本被推出，它将追踪药物从制造点到分布点，可能还会使用传感器来进行辅助追踪。这可以帮助调查人员了解从供应链中消失的药物。[2018/5/1]
Step1:Useronlyneedstorunonesimplecommandwhichallowstoautomatically:
Encryptuser’sinputdata
Pushtheencrypteddatatoaremotefilesystem(i.e.theremotefilesystemcanbeanypublicfilesharingserviceandenduserisfreetochoosehis/herpreferredone,pleasenotethatthisserviceisnotprovidedbyiExec)
Updaterelatedsessiondata(i.e.eachuser’striggeringoftheapplicationisasession)toaSGXbasedsecretmanagementservice.Secretmanagementservicecanbedeployedinaflexibleway:itcanbeatuser’sside,orscheduler’sside(i.e.SGXworkpool).
Step2:UsertriggersthetargetapplicationviasimpleclicksfromtheiExecDappstoreandmarketplaceviaauser-friendlyUIinterface.
OncethetargetapplicationistriggeredatremoteSGXdecentralizednode,theapplicationwillfirstlyautomaticallypulltheencrypteduserinputdatafromremotefilesystem(i.e.pushedinstep1);retrievethesecretkeyviasecuredSGXprovisionchannel,whichisthenusedtodecrypttheuserinputdata,thedecryptionisdoneonlyinsidethehigh-securedtrustedenvironment—SGXenclave;thedecrypteddatacanthenbeusedtofeedtheapplicationexecution,assoonastheapplicationresultisavailable,asignatureisprecededbasedontheprivatekeyprotectedinsidetheSGXenclave,whichcannotbeinspectedbytheoutsideworld.TheapplicationresultisfinallyencryptedandthentheiExec’sverificationprocedure(i.e.ProofofContribution)istriggered.EverythingissecurelyhappenedinsidetheIntelSGXenclaveensuredbyIntelhardwareCPUandnosecretisabletorevealedtotheoutsideworld.
受累于英特尔Bug Bittrex钱包被强制下线:在星期三，科技界爆出“计算机芯片漏洞导致关键数据暴露”事宜，引发业内震动。本次新发现的主要影响Intel芯片的Bug被命名为“ Meltdown”和“Spectre”。就安全角度而言，这个问题涉及到所有使用英特尔技术支持设备连接到互联网的人。而实际上，这个bug也已经被人真实的感受到：Bittrex交易所在服务器修补期间迫使钱包下线。[2018/1/5]
Thesignatureisfinallytransferredtoon-chainnetworkandverifiedbyon-chainsmartcontractviatheregisteredcorrespondingpublickey.Ifthesignatureverificationpassesandapplicationresult’strustlevelachievesagiventhreshold.Theuserwillbeinformedtodownloadtheencryptedresult.
Thewholeprocedureisdoneautomaticallyinahighsecureway,andthisprocedureistriggeredbyonlysomesimpleclicksfromuserviathefriendlyUIinterface.
Fig.1iExec’sE2ESGXworkflow
Step3:Usercandownloadtheencryptedresultpackage,andusercanjustrunonesimplecommandtodecrypttheresult.Pleasenotethatonlytheuserwhotriggersthetask(i.e.SGXapplication)isabletodownloadtheencryptedresult,andonlytheuserownsthekeytodecrypttheapplicationresult.
Pleasenotethattheprocedureisplatformindependent,andthereforeiscompatiblewithdifferentoperatingsystems:Windows,Linux,MacOS.
Inthenearfuture,wewillfurthersimplifyuser’sprocedure—allthethreestepswillbeintegratedintoonesimplestep,andcanbedonebyseveralsimpleclicksfromuserviauserfriendlyuserinterface—https://market.iex.ec/.
2.TheiExecSolutionisSGXVendorAgnostic
TheiExecplatformisopentodifferentSGXsolutionvendors.Specifically,iExechasbeencollaboratingwithSCONEandFortanixtointegratetheirSGXframeworksintoiExec’sE2ESGXsolution.WearealsointhephaseofevaluatingIntel’sPDOframework.Inthefuture,wewillalsoconsidertheSGXframeworkofGraphene/Graphene-ng.AllthemainstreamSGXsolutionswillbe100%compatiblewithiExec’splatform,andwewillleaveiExecDappdevelopersanduserstofreelychoosetheirpreferredSGXframeworks.OurobjectistopromotetheemergenceofanecosystemwhichprovidestrustedexecutionforBlockchainbasedcomputing,andthesetrustedservicecanbemonetizedviaiExec’smarketplace.
3.iExecContributionstowardsIndustryStandardization
iExecarepioneersinthefieldofblockchain-basedTrustComputing,andisveryactiveinleadingandpushingforwardtheindustrialstandardizationforinthiscontextforBlockchaintechnology.
Especially:
iExecisveryactiveinEEA(EnterpriseEthereumAlliance):iExecischairingtheTrustedComputeWorkGroup,andkeepscontributingandpushingforwardtheEEAspecifications,especiallytheOff-chainTrustedComputeSpecificationwhichistobepubliclyreleasedsoon.
iExecisactiveinIEEEaswell.iExecismemberofIEEEP2418,andisinvolvedinIEEEstandardprojectonDLT-basedFederatedIdentity,CredentialandTrustManagement.iExecleadsthestandardizationworkinseveralBlockchainbaseddomains,especiallythesecurityandTEE(TrustedExecutionEnvironment)
iExeciscollaboratingwithhardwaretrustedexecutionvendorstomoveforwardthishardwarebasedsecuritysolution(SGX)tobefullystandard-compliant,staytunedforthecomingupdatesduringDevcon4.
iExecisalsocollaboratingwithourpartnerstomoveforwardthestandardizationforBlockchainbasedFogComputinginthecontextofOpenFogconsortium.SomeresultofthefirststagecollaborationwithourpartnersonFogComputingwillbereleasedsoon,pleasestaytunedinthefollowingdays.
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