08:30渣打集团主席韦浩思近日接受了中国一带一路网的专访，介绍了渣打银行“一带一路”项目建设中的实践，尤其是在项目风险控制上的经验。他认为，随着“一带一路”建设迈向高质量发展阶段，“一带一路”项目应更加注重质量和多边性参与。
Mr.JoseVinals,GroupChairmanofStandardCharteredBank.recentlyreceivedaninterviewwithChinaBeltandRoadPortalandsharedthecompany'sexperienceinconductingtheBeltandRoadprojects,especiallyinriskscontrol.HebelievesthatasBeltandRoadprojectsaredevelopingfromquantity-focusedtoquality-focused,multilateralismwillbemoreimportantinthefuture.
Q1：在第二届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛开幕式上，主席发表了主旨演讲，您对其中的哪些观点印象深刻？
韦浩思：习主席的演讲令人非常振奋，秉承了开放的态度，再次向外界传递“一带一路”倡议是一个开放的平台，欢迎所有各方的参与。另外，习主席还强调了“一带一路”项目的可持续性，除了商业和财政的可持续性之外，环境方面的可持续性也非常重要。
Q1:WhatimpressesyoumostinPresidentXiJinping'skeynotespeech?
Vinals:Ithoughtitwasaveryinspiringspeech.Iwasimpressedbytheveryopentone.ItconveyedtheideathattheBeltandRoadInitiativeisnotanexclusiveclub,butaveryinclusiveclub,whichwelcomesthirdparties,multilateralparties,andtheeconomic,financial,andenvironmentalsustainabilityofprojectsisveryimportant.
Q2：主席在主旨演讲中指出，中国将更大范围地扩大外资市场准入，渣打银行计划如何抓住这一机遇，拓展在中国的业务？
韦浩思：渣打银行在中国已经有161年的历史。作为拥有最多金融牌照的国际银行之一，多年以来，渣打银行深度参与中国资本市场的合作，为中国资本市场发展做出贡献。我们与一些国际金融中心如伦敦、香港和新加坡等都有密切联系，我们能为中国带来大量投资。这也是我们可以发挥贡献的一个方面。渣打银行还长时间致力于推动人民币国际化，已经成为推动人民币国际化的重要力量。特别是在“一带一路”沿线国家，人民币作为支付货币在未来将发挥越来越重要的作用。
Q2:PresidentXiJinpingsaidinhiskeynotespeechthatChinawillfurtheropenuptoforeigninvestment.HowwillStandardCharteredtakethisopportunitytoseekfurtherdevelopmentinChina?
Vinals:StandardCharteredispresentinChinaalreadyforahundredandsixty-oneyears.WeareabankwhichisdeeplyinvolvedincapitalmarketactivitiesinChina.Weareaninternationalbankwiththelargestnumberoflicenses.So,wethinkofourselvesascontributingtothedevelopmentoftheChinesecapitalmarket.
Givenourconnectivitywithkeyinternationalfinancialcenters,likeLondon,HongKong,andSingapore,wecanbringinalotofforeigninvestmentintoChina.That'salsoanotherwayinwhichwecancontribute.
Finally,wehavebeenworkingalreadyforquitealongtimetopromotetheinternationalizationoftheRenminbi.WeareverywellplacedtouseourinternationalglobalpresencetobeastrongpromoterofRenminbiasanincreasinglyimportantinternationalcurrency.ThisisverynaturalparticularlyalongBeltandRoadcountrieswheretheRenminbishouldbeplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleasavehiclecurrency.
Q3：您如何评价“一带一路”倡议提出六年来取得的进展？
韦浩思：我认为“一带一路”倡议在基础设施方面发挥了非常重要的作用，基础设施建设促进许多国家和地区互联互通，从而带动贸易往来和经济发展。我认为在下一阶段需要综合考虑各个方面，不仅仅是项目的数量，项目的质量也十分重要。此外，正如主席所说，“一带一路”项目的多方参与也非常重要。“一带一路”倡议不光是中国和项目所在国的事情，也不光是中国和项目所在国才能获益，应该邀请尽可能多的参与方共同汇集力量，这样才能够使“一带一路”倡议获得更广泛的成效。
Q3:HowdoyouevaluatetheachievementsoftheBeltandRoadInitiativeoverthepastsixyears?
Vinals:IthinktheBeltandRoadInitiativehasbeenveryimportantalreadyinhelpingbuildmanyinfrastructureswhichhaveimprovedconnectivityacrosscountries.Thisconnectivityisanecessaryconditionforenhancementsintrade,whichwillhelpinturngrowthanddevelopment.SoIthinkthisisthebasicobjective.
DuringthefirstfiveyearsoftheBeltandRoadInitiative,therehasbeenanemphasisonthequantityofprojects.ThereisincreasinglylessbutstillimportantengagementwhichhasbeenbilateralbetweenChina,meaningChinesegovernment,Chinesecontractors,Chinesebanksontheonehand,andtherecipientcountriesontheotherondifferentprojects.Ithinkitisveryimportantthatinthissecondstagewetakeincreasinglyintoaccountnotjustofthequantityofprojectsbutprojectquality.
AndalsoinlinewithwhatPresidentXiJinpingmentioned,webroadenmoreengagementtomoremultilateralismandlessbilateralism.Thisisalreadyhappeningbutweneedtomovefurtherinthisdirection.
Q4：有分析认为，未来随着贸易面临较大调整压力，中国外汇储备有可能受到影响，使“一带一路”建设面临一定的资金挑战。对此你怎么看？
韦浩思：我并不同意这一观点，我认为“一带一路”跟中国的外汇储备是两码事。如果我们看一下中国的国际收支状况，现在的经常账户盈余比过去少，从长远看，出现赤字的可能性增加。但与此同时，随着中国资本市场的不断开放，中国的净资本流入也在增加。因此，我对未来的预期是，随着中国向国际资本市场进一步开放，将有越来越多的净资本流入中国，这将抵消那些减少的经常账户流入资金。因此，我认为没有任何迹象显示中国的外汇储备会大幅下降。
Q4:SomecriticsbelievethatChina'sforeignexchangereservesmaybereducedinthefutureasinternationaltradeisunderpressure.Underthiscircumstance,theBeltandRoadInitiativemayfacesomecapitalchallenges.What'syourtakeonthispointofview?
Vinals:Idonotagreewiththatview.IthinktheBeltandRoadInitiativeandtheforeignexchangereservesaretwodifferentthings.Respondingspecificallytothequestionoftheforeignexchangereserves,IthinkifyoulookatthebalanceofpaymentsofChina,evenifthere'snowlessofacurrentaccountsurplusthaninthepastthattheremaybeadeficit.Youalsohaveincreasingcapitalsinflowscoming.SowhatIhaveenvisionedisinthefutureasChinaopensup,particularlytointernationalcapitalmarkets,therewouldbeincreasinglynetcapitalinflowsintoChinathatwillcompensatealessfavorablepositionontheoverallcurrentaccount.Therefore,Idon'tseeanyreasonwhythereshouldbeanimportantdropinforeignexchangereserves.
Q5：为什么渣打银行要将“一带一路”作为整个集团的战略重点？
韦浩思：我们在45个“一带一路”市场设有分支机构，深耕当地市场多年，十分了解当地的情况，清楚哪里可能出现风险。我们在基础设施建设、能源、水利和废物处理等领域积累了不少项目经验，能够为这些项目提供国际融资解决方案，这对“一带一路”项目而言是非常重要的。此外，我们在中国也已经运营了161年。因此，渣打银行将践行“一带一路”倡议作为企业发展重点是一件顺理成章的事情。
Q5:WhydoesStandardCharteredmaketheBeltandRoadInitiativeasitsstrategicpriorityforthebank?Whathaveyouimplemented?
Vinals:WehavedesignedordesignatedtheBeltandRoadasonestrategicprioritybecauseit'sverynaturaltous.Wearepresentin45oftheBeltandRoadmarkets.Wehavebeeninthesemarketsforalongtime,inthemajorityofthemformorethanahundredyears.Wehavedeepknowledgeofthelocalmarkets.Weunderstandtherisks.Wehavestrongcapabilitiesinprojectfinance.Wehavestrongcapabilitiesandknowledgeofdifferentindustrysectors,likeinfrastructures,energy,water,andwaste.So,itisonlynaturalthatwecanbringinallofthesesortsofexpertisetogetherandbeanaturalpartnerforBeltandRoad.Inaddition,wehavebeeninChinafor161years.So,weareverymuchconnectedwithourChineseclients,bothfinancialandnon-financialclients.Weareattheoriginatingendandrecipientend.WealsobringinalotofexpertiseonhowtodealwithinternationalfinancialinstitutionsinordertobringinthebestfortheBeltandRoad.So,it'sverynaturalforustobeplayingthisroleandmaketheBeltandRoadInitiativeakeystrategicpriorityforStandardChartered.
Q6：渣打银行采取怎样的措施，来预防和管控“一带一路”项目的相关风险？
韦浩思：仅2018年一年，渣打银行就参与了近100个“一带一路”相关项目，项目总金额达到200亿美元。我们参与的每个项目都经过非常仔细的研究，除了信用风险之外，行为操守风险、金融犯罪风险、环境风险和社会风险也都在考量范围之内。渣打银行设立了严格的风险管控标准，只有通过标准的项目才会考虑投资。我们建立了一套系统性的机制，用来分析“一带一路”项目的风险。
Q6:WhatmeasuresdoesStandardCharteredtaketopreventorcontrolrisksassociatedwithprojectsoftheBeltandRoadInitiative?
Vinals:Togiveyouanexample,lastyearalone,wewereinvolvedinnearlyahundredprojectsalongtheBeltandRoadcountries.Wefacilitatedfundingfortheseprojectsinexcessoftwentybilliondollars,justin2018.Eachoftheprojectsthatwehaveparticipatedissubjecttoaverycarefulanalysisofrisks.Notonlycreditrisksbutalsothingslikeconductrisks,financialcrimerisks,thingslikecorruption,moneylaundering,etc.Wealsoassessrisksregardingthesocialandenvironmentalimpactofthoseprojects.WehaveveryhighstandardsoneachofthoserisksthatIhavementioned.It'sonlywhentheprojectpassesthebarforeachofthoserisksthatwedecidetogoahead.So,wehaveaverysystemicandstructuredapproachtoriskanalysisforBeltandRoadprojects.
来源/中国一带一路网
责编/张广琳审校/刘梦监制/李雨思
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